地雷の歴史

1980Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) concluded at Geneva. It provides the rules for the protection of civilians from injury or attack under various conditions by means of fragments that cannot readily be detected in the human body by X-rays, landmines, booby traps, incendiary weapons blinding laser weapons and other devices. Furthermore, those countries involved in national conflicts must keep the records of the locations of minefields.
1991/11The International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) was formed within six groups with similar interests, including Medico International, Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation (VVAF) and others. So far over 750 non-government organizations in 44 countries have joined together to fight against landmines.
1993/5The first ICBL conference held in London.
1994/5The second ICBL conference held in Geneva.
1995/2/24A campaign for a ban on landmines held in Phnom Penh. 2000-3000 participants march to protest against the production of mines.
1995/5 The third ICBL conference held in Phnom Penh.
1995/7United Nations International Meeting on Mine Clearance held in Geneva.
1996/2/3Australia declared its support for a global ban on the production, stockpiling, use and transfer of anti-personnel landmines and a unilateral suspension on the operational use of anti-personnel landmines.
1996/5/3Protocol II on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices amended to strengthen its provisions.
1996/5/6A White House fact sheet announcing its anti-personnel landmine policy that the United States pursues an international agreement to ban use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel landmines. This also means the country no longer use so-called “dumb” mines, except on the Korean Peninsula. It would no longer produce such “dumb” mines and would destroy most of its stockpile of “dumb” mines.
1996/7/2-7/4International Conference on Mine Clearance Technology held in Copenhagen, Denmark.
1996/10/3-10/5Declaration of the International Strategy Conference held in Ottawa. Participating international agencies, organisations and states agreed to enhance cooperation and coordination of efforts of the concerns and goals with respect to anti-personnel mines.
1996/12/10155 countries co-sponsored the U.N. resolution on An International Agreement to Ban Anti-Personnel Landmines adopted by the U.N. General Assembly.
1997/1/1Austria’s Anti-Personnel Mines Law states: The production, acquisition, sale, procurement, import, export, transit, use and possession of anti-personnel mines as well as of anti-detection mechanisms shall be prohibited.
1997/1/15On an invitation from the International Red Cross Princess Diana visited Angola in an effort to create an international awareness of landmines, including the plight of Angolan children.
1997/2/25-28The ICBL’s 4th International Conference is held in Maputo, Mozambique.
1997/4/24-25The International Expert Meeting on possible Verification Measures to ban Anti-Personnel Landmines (the Bonn Expert Meeting) is held in Bonn Germany.
1997/5The Prime Minister in the UK, Tony Blair, promised to ratify the international Ottawa convention on banning landmines.
1997/6France has signed and acceded the Ottawa Treaty.
1997/6/24-27The International Conference for a Global Ban on Anti-personnel Landmines is held in Brussels. At this point 97 countries have signed and acceded to the treaty.
1997/8/18The United States to participate in the Ottawa process negotiations on a treaty banning anti-personnel landmines.
1997/12121 countries have signed to the Ottawa Treaty.
1997/9/18Ottawa Convention concluded by the Diplomatic Conference on an International Total Ban on Anti-Personnel Land Mines in Oslo.
1997/12/3-4Japan signs the Mine Ban Treaty.
1999/3/1Ottawa Treaty becomes binding under international law for all signers.